Conference & Forum

Asia Pacific Forum on Low Carbon Development Sharing Low Carbon Technology for a Blue and Beautiful Sky

24 Oct 2018 - 26 Oct 2018 Changsha, The People's Republic of China

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_15

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_14

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_13

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_12

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_11

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_10

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_09

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_08

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_07

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_06

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_05

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_04

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_03

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_02

sharing-low-carbon-technology-blue-and-beautiful_01

With the theme, “Sharing Low Carbon Technology for a Blue and Beautiful Sky”, the Third Asia Pacific Forum on Low Carbon Technology takes a broad look at the various policies that promote effective deployment and development of technologies that reduce carbon emissions across multiple sectors. Organized by ADB and the Government of Hunan, the forum will showcase global, regional, and country success stories and experience in promoting the development of and investment in low carbon technologies (LCTs), and boost both North-South and South-South technology transfer.

During the forum, participants will:

Learn more about the PRC’s clean air policies and how these are implemented at large scale;
Meet policymakers and leading experts in low carbon technologies;
Participate in World Cafe-style sessions;
Connect with international participants from different sectors;
Find out how the integration of policy, implementation, industry, and innovation fast track responses to environmental issues; and
Meet the special batch of New Energy Leaders.

Agenda:

24 October 2018 (Wednesday)

Time	Program
08:00 – 9:00	Registration
09:00 ~ 11:00	Opening Plenary
09:00 ~ 9:30	Part 1: Welcome Remarks Representative from Hunan Province, the PRC WooChong Um, Director General, Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, ADB Representative from Ministry of Finance, the PRC Representative from Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the PRC Yue ZHANG, Founder and Chairman, BROAD Group, the PRC
09:30 ~ 10:50	Part 2: Keynote Speeches Lin XU, Chairman, US-China Green Fund Charlotte Roule, Chief Executive Officer, ENGIE China Representative from Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Dadi ZHOU, Former Director General, Energy Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission Changming LI, Director of Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials (ICEAM), Southwest University, Chongqing University
10:50 ~ 11:00	Part 3：Awarding of the New Energy Leaders 2018 special batch and showcase of the ADB-TusStar China Cleantech Competition 2018 Chair: Jia YU, Director of International Development Cooperation, Centre for New Structural Economics, Peking University Award Presenters: WooChong Um, Director General, Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, ADB Yongping ZHAI, Chief of Energy Sector Group, ADB Dipal Barua, Founder & Chairman, Bright Green Energy Foundation (Bangladesh) Representative from Hunan Province Awardees: New Energy Leaders 2018 special batch Diyaz Baiseitov, Founder, Kuntech (Kazakhstan) Xia LI, Founder, Shenzhen Power Solution (the PRC) Nabeel Siddiqui, Founder, ModulusTech (Pakistan) Amit Singh, General Manager/Director, CBS Power Solutions (Fiji) Showcase of the ADB-TusStar China Cleantech Competition 2018 Edward ZHANG, Co-Founder, Shenzhen Shenqing New Material (the PRC) Rong XU, Founder & CEO, Umore Consulting Ltd. (the PRC) Yongping LIU, Chairman, Zhonghai Runda New Material Technology (the PRC) Mark LIANG, CTO, Beijing Warmland Energy Service Co. Ltd. (the PRC)
11:00 ~ 11:10	Morning Break
11:10 ~ 12:30	Plenary 2 This session will set the scene for the Forum, taking into consideration recent developments, dynamics, future trends in clean and low carbon energy technologies, and share insights, knowledge, and views on strategy and policies for clean and low carbon energy development. It will explore how high-technology can support to meeting Asia’s universal energy access, energy security, affordable clean and low carbon energy demands. It will also discuss how international collaboration in empowering the region to deploy and invest clean and low carbon energy technologies. Part 1: High Level Panel Discussion Chair: Sujata Gupta, Director, East Asia Department, ADB Keynote Speakers: Yongping Zhai, Chief of Energy Sector Group, ADB Jin Wang, Director, Institute of International Energy, International Cooperation Center, National Development and Reform Commission Panel Discussion: Ji Zou, President, Energy Foundation China Sandra Retzer, Head of Cluster Sustainable Urbanization Transportation and Energy, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) the PRC Yong Chen, Programme Officer – Sustainable Urban Energy, Innovation and Technology Center, International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Rongchun BAI, Former Counsel, the PRC’s National Energy Administration Hu Gao, Director, Center for Energy Economy and Strategy Development, National Development and Reform Commission Part 2: New Energy Leaders/Startups Discussion Chair: Yongping ZHAI, Chief of Energy Sector Group, ADB Jin WANG, Director, Institute of International Energy, International Cooperation Center, National Development and Reform Commission Panelists: Daniel ZHANG, Managing Director, BROAD Core Building Company (the PRC) Diyaz Baiseitov, Founder, Kuntech (Kazakhstan) Xia LI, Founder, Shenzhen Power Solution (the PRC) Nabeel Siddiqui, Founder, ModulusTech (Pakistan) Amit Singh, General Manager/Director, CBS Power Solutions (Fiji) Rong XU, Founder & CEO, Umore Consulting Ltd. (the PRC) Som Narayan, Co-founder, Carbonlites (India)
12:30 ~ 14:00	Lunch Break
14:00 ~ 15:45	Parallel Session 1: Opportunities and Challenges of Innovative Technologies in Green Urban Mobility Organizer: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) The session will present cases wherein sustainable, economically viable, low-carbon urban transportation development has been encouraged, accelerated and facilitated, either by national and local policies and strategies, or by support from international and multilateral agencies. Speakers will discuss technologies, policies, strategies, approaches, experiences and challenges in promoting low carbon transportation adoption and investment in cities, to help them transition into urban environments that provide their residents a better quality of living, with lower GHG footprint. Chair: Christoph Nedopil, Project Director Sino-German Cooperation on Low-carbon Transport, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Speakers: Shenzhen Transport Emission Model based on Big Data Yuting HUANG, Project Manager, Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Commission (SUTCP) Jiandong Qiu, Head of Transport Information and Model Division, Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Commission (SUTCP) Low Carbon Buses in the PRC and E-mobility Options for Developing-Member Countries of ADB Ki-Joon Kim, Principal Transport Specialist, ADB Robin Hughes, Founder, Clean Vehicles Solutions Asia Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICVs) in the PRC Sandra Retzer, Head of Cluster Sustainable Urbanization Transportation and Energy, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) the PRC
14:00 ~ 15:45	Parallel Session 2: Green Buildings Organizer：Hunan University The session will highlight challenges and opportunities for mainstreaming of green building development, especially in the urban context of developing Asia. Presentations will cover construction methods, financing, and case studies, with a view toward establishing a level playing field and making green buildings the rule rather than the exception. Chair: Guoqiang ZHANG (George), Dean, Institute for Sustainable Urbanization and Construction Innovation, Hunan University Speakers: Green Buildings and the Achievement of Global Low-Carbon Goals Mark Lister, Director, Asia Clean Energy Partners Green Buildings: Building a Climate Resilient Urban Future Anupma Jain, Senior Urban Development Specialist, ADB Yue ZHANG, Founder and Chairman, BROAD Group Raymond Hoe, Architect, Scott Brownrigg Nabeel Siddiqui, Founder, ModulusTech
14:00 ~ 15:45	Parallel Session 3：Circular Cities: Creating Low Carbon Urban Environments Organizer: ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability This session will highlight best practices and challenges in shifting to a circular economy in cities in Asia. Speakers will present innovative solutions, technology advancements, and successful strategies that may be replicated or scaled-up. The session will also investigate how policies or government commitments support private sector led initiatives. Chair: Stephen Peters, Senior Energy Specialist (Waste-to-Energy), ADB Speakers: Moving into the Industrial Revolution and Circular Economy Lerwen LIU, Senior Advisor, King Mongut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand ICLEI: Local Governments for Sustainability Merlin LAO, Programme Manager, ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability Demonstration Projects of Near-Zero Carbon Emission Zones Junxia LIU, Director, Strategic Planning Department, China Association of Circular Economy Som Narayan, Co-founder and Director, Carbonlites Circular Economy Because Nature Knows No Waste Wilma Rodrigues, Founder and CEO, Saahas Zero Waste Carbon Footprint of Water Jan Maurer, Managing Director and CEO, WISY AG Alternative Fuels for Greener Mobility Vincent Choy, Director, Biogas Asia Pacific Forum Wei-Guo PAN, Chairman and Deputy Dean of Mechanical Engineering College, Shanghai University of Electric Power
13:45 ~ 15:45	Parallel Session 4: Coordinated Control and Management of Urban Carbon Emission Reduction and Air Pollution Prevention Organizer: Energy Foundation China & Institute for Sustainable Communities The session will highlight the importance of implementing strategies which will both consider air pollution control and GHG emission reduction. Speakers from pilot cities with commitments for both air pollution control and emission-peaking will share their experiences and insights on the crucial elements needed to set-up the appropriate institutional arrangements and applicable mechanisms. Chair: Xuedu LU, Lead Climate Change Specialist, ADB Keynote speakers: Ji ZOU, President, Energy Foundation China Xiangtan 2028 City Emission Peaking Roadmap and Action Plan Pan TAO, Technical Director, Institute for Sustainable Communities Qiang ZHANG, Professor, Tsinghua University Co-Control of Air Pollutants and GHGs: Review, Methodology and Case Studies Tao HU, Director, China Program, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Speakers: He CAI, Director, Zhejiang Center for Climate Change and Low-carbon Development Cooperation Progress and Challenges of the PRC’s Low-Carbon Cities Xiu YANG, Head of Policy and Regulation Department, National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation Xiangzhao FENG, Deputy Director & Associate Professor, Climate Change Policy Research Division, Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, Ministry of Environment and Ecology Zhiyu TIAN, Deputy Director of Energy Efficiency Division, Energy Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission Supporting the Mainstreaming of Co-benefits into Development Policies and Projects in Asia So-Young Lee, Research Manager, Sustainability Governance Centre, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
15:45 ~ 16:15	Afternoon Break
16:15 ~ 17:45	“Hot Pot” with Low-Carbon Technology Providers (World Café Style) Organizer: ADB and Umore Consulting Ltd A fast-paced and dynamic networking session offering a unique opportunity to meet and learn more about various low-carbon technology providers who are breaking into the Asian market with innovative technologies and business models in the PRC and around the world. Co-Chairs: Peter duPont, Consultant, ADB Rong XU, Founder & CEO, Umore Consulting Ltd. Table Hosts: Sietse Agema, Chief Technology Officer, Amsterdam Waste Environmental Consultancy & Technology (Netherlands) and Harvey LUO, Kangda (the PRC) Robin Hughes, Founder, Clean Vehicles Solutions Asia (Thailand) Som Narayan, Co-founder and CEO, Carbon Masters (India) Wilma Rodrigues, Founder and CEO, Saahas Zero Waste (India) Thida Kheav, Co-founder and CEO, Solar Green Energy (Cambodia) Min Chan Win, Managing Director, Myanmar Eco Solutions (Myanmar) Chunguang WANG, Founder and CEO, EQuota Energy (the PRC) Dan Millison, Consultant, Reephrock Weihong ZHAO, America Regional General Manager, BROAD Group Xia LI, Founder, Shenzhen Power Solution (the PRC) Mark LIANG, CTO, Beijing Warmland Energy Service Co. Ltd. Jianbin WU, CEO and Yuebo SHI, Senior Economist/Partner, Tahoe Electric Tianyue HE, Vice President, Eversource Science and Technology Amit Singh, General Manager/Director, CBS Power Solutions (Fiji) Yongping LIU, Chairman, Zhonghai Runda New Material Technology Edward ZHANG, Co-Founder, Shenzhen Shenqing New Material Will ZHANG, Director, GM of Oversea Division of Willfar Information Technology Co. Ltd. (subsidiary of Waison Group) Jing REN, Investment Director of Investment and Financing Department, Sinocom-Wanke (the PRC) Jan Maurer, Managing Director and CEO, WISY AG Nabeel Siddiqui, Founder, ModulusTech (Pakistan) Diyaz Baiseitov, Founder, Kuntech (Kazakhstan) Wenfeng Wang, Assistant President and Central China General Manager of ENN Energy (the PRC)
18:15 ~ 20:15	Welcome Banquet (Buffet)

25 October 2018 (Thursday)

Time	Program
08:00 ~ 08:45	Registration
07:30 ~ 08:30	New Energy Leaders Breakfast Meeting (by invitation only)
08:45 ~ 10:30	Parallel Session 5: Regional Technology Cooperation Organizer: Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21) The session will present cases wherein economically viable regional low-carbon technology cooperation, both at government level and private sector led, has been successfully facilitated and accelerated, either by the right national and local policies and strategies, or by support from international and multi-lateral agencies. Speakers will discuss policies, strategies, ongoing initiatives, experiences and challenges, for promoting regional technology cooperation that results in sustainable mutual economic benefits and better quality-of-living, along with lower GHG footprint. Chair: Sasank Goli, Principal Consultant, Ecogy Cleantech Speakers: Jing HUANG, Director General, Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21) New Energy and Renewable Energy Technology Transfer Demonstration and Mechanism in South and Southeast Asian Countries Minxiang MA, Deputy Director, China-ASEAN Innovation Centre Low Carbon Technology South-South Cooperation Jiutian ZHANG, Professor, Beijing Normal University Promote International Green Technology through Green Finance Yiyang SHEN, Managing Director, Green Route Capital Renewable Technology Transfer Demo Projects- A Case Study of Small Hydropower Guofeng DONG, Division Director, International Center on Small Hydro (ICSHP) Commercializing IP, Trip Advisor for Entrepreneurs Yehuda Yarmut, Program Director, Strategic and Industry Collaboration, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) Challenges & Opportunities in Technology Transfer to Developing Countries of South Asia Shoaib Ahmad, Deputy Director (Coord), SAARC Regional Energy Center (Pakistan)
08:45 ~ 10:30	Parallel Session 6：Clean Heating and Cooking Organizer：Building Energy Research Center, Tsinghua University (PRC) The session will highlight challenges and opportunities for mainstreaming clean heating and cooking systems, based on experience in the PRC and other developing countries. Presentations will cover case studies from Mongolia, the PRC, as well as from ADB project experience, renewable resources and technologies for space heating and process heat, and potential synergies for heating and cooking systems. Chair: Dan Millison, Clean Energy Investment Advisor (Consultant), ADB Speakers: Clean Cooking and Heating with Densified Biomass Fuel Ming SHAN, Assistant Professor, Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University Geothermal District Heating Building on the Icelandic Experience Einar Runar Magnusson, VP Business Development, Arctic Green Energy Radiant Heating System in Cold-Winter and High-humidity Area Guangcai GONG, Professor, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University Innovative Heating and Green Building Technologies in Ulaanbaatar Pil-Bae Song, Consultant, ADB Tong LU, President, Jiashu Consulting Batbaatar Batkhuu, Officer, Department of Green Development Policy & Planning, Ministry of Environment and Tourism (Mongolia) Boost Urban Green Development Through Clean Energy Anjie TIAN, Deputy Party Secretary/General Manager, Changsha Urban Construction Investment Development Group Co., Ltd.
08:45 ~ 10:30	Parallel Session 7：Low Carbon Industry Parks Organizer：Green Development League of National Economic & Technological Development Zone and Hunan International LCT Exchange Center This session will highlight best practices, and emerging technologies for the development of low carbon industrial parks. At the end of the session, the audience will learn about successful strategies, and challenges in developing and operating low carbon industrial parks. Key enabling government policies and regulations that drive low carbon industrial parks developments will also be discussed. Chair: Xinyi LIU, Deputy Director, TEDA Eco Center Speakers: “Industrial Parks + Solar PV” in Developing Countries: Market Potential From New Structural Economics Perspective Jia YU, Director of International Development Cooperation, Centre for New Structural Economics, Peking University Putting Concept into Action: IND: Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program Ninette Pajarillaga, Environment Specialist, ADB Building a Green and Low-Carbon Park Industry Ecology Zhiguo JIN, Deputy Director, Industrial Development Bureau, Xiangtan High Tech Industrial Development Zone Shiwei GENG, Environmental Protection Bureau, Tianjin Economic Technological Development Zone Liuyang National Economic and Technical Development Zone Wei DU, Bureau Assistant, Economic Development Bureau of Liuyang Economic Technological Development Zone SUS’s Model: Waste to Energy in Eco-Industrial Park Jun LUO, Deputy General Manager, SUS Environment The Application of Micro-grid Technology in Industrial Parks Shufeng DONG, General Manager, R&D Center, Sinocome-Wanke, Zhejiang University – Wanke New Energy Joint Research Center Disruptive Technology For Large-Scale, Micro and Off-Grid Energy Storages Jianbin WU, CEO, Tahoe Electric
08:45 ~ 10:30	Parallel Session 8：Role of Carbon Markets in Promoting Energy Conservation and Low Carbon Technology Development Organizer: Alliance of Carbon Emissions Trading (ACET-CECA) This session will look at what role carbon markets have played and will be playing in driving the promotion of low carbon technologies in the region. Cases wherein carbon finance and carbon market initiatives have successfully encouraged and accelerated the installation of low-carbon technologies will be highlighted. Chair: Renhu TANG, General Manager SinoCarbon Innovation & Investment Co., Ltd Opening Remarks: Juntao ZHANG, Deputy Secretary General, Alliance of Carbon Emissions Trading (ACET-CECA) Keynote Speech: Zhiqiang XU, Former Deputy Director, National Energy Conservation Center Speakers: Zhongkui SONG, Secretary General, China Energy Conservation Association Fighting Climate Change – Industrial Energy Efficiency Upgrading Sheng ZHOU, Chief Executive Officer, International Copper Association China Mongolia: Upscaling Renewable Energy Sector Project Ongonsar Purev, Senior Environment Officer, ADB Carbon Pricing and Sustainable Energy Transition Cyril Cassisa, Coordinator of China ETS Project, Environment and Climate Change Unit, International Energy Agency (IEA) Role of Carbon Markets in Promoting Energy Conservation and Low Carbon Technology Development Renato Roldao, Consulting Director, ICF Incorporated (the PRC)
10:30 ~ 11:00	Morning Break
11:00 ~ 12:30	“Hot Pot” with Low-Carbon Technology Enablers/Platforms (World Café Style) Organizer: ADB and Umore Consulting Ltd A fast-paced and dynamic networking session offering a unique opportunity to meet and learn more about various low-carbon-focused service providers, think tanks and other organizations who are supporting the growth of the low-carbon economy in PRC and around the world. Co-Chairs: Peter duPont, Consultant, ADB Rong XU, Founder & CEO, Umore Consulting Ltd. Table Hosts: Xiaoli WANG, China-ASEAN Innovation Centre Zhicheng XU, New Energy Business Unit, Changsha Chengtou Energy Development Co., Ltd. Xian ZHANG, Bingxing YI and Xiaoyu LIU, Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21) Xian ZHANG, Bingxing YI and Xiaoyu LIU, Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21) Geraint FENG, Deputy Head, Clean-tech Transfer Division, TEDA Eco Center Megan YU, External Relations Manager, Institute of Sustainable Communities China Yonghai CHEN, Partner & Designer, Umore Consulting Ltd. Junkai ZHOU, Project Manager, Export-Import Bank of China (Hunan Branch) Yunyun PENG, International Cooperation Department, China Development Bank (Hunan Branch) Jana Corrina Gorski, Cluster Portfolio Manager for Sustainable Urbanisation, Transportation, Energy, GIZ Raymond Hoe, Director, Scott Brownrigg Lerwen LIU, Senior Advisor, King Mongut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand Tarun Tayal, Additional General Manager, Energy Efficiency Services Juntao ZHANG, Deputy Secretary General, Alliance of Carbon Emissions Trading (ACET-CECA) and Michelle WANG, Program Manager, International Copper Association Asia Renato Roldao, Consulting Director, ICF Incorporated Ki-Joon Kim, Principal Transport Specialist, SDCC-TRA, ADB Na Won Kim, Senior Enviromental Specliast, ADB Susumu Yoneoka, Energy Specialist (Smart Grids), and Dan Millison, Consultant, ADB Anupma Jain, Senior Urban Development Specialist, ADB Biao HUANG, Senior Investment Specialist, Private Sector Operations Department, ADB Walter GE, Founder, Green Startups Accelerator Yang LI, Director of Strategy and Consultation, Hunan International LCT Exchange Center Can ZENG, COO, and Kefei LU, Deputy General Manager, Guizhou Tellhow-Treasurecarbon Smart Energy Exchange Yong XU, Director, Innovative Low Carbon Development Center, Hunan (HILCC)
12:30 ~ 14:00	Lunch Break
14:00 ~ 16:00	Plenary 3: Green Finance: Delivering Projects This session will invite both public and private financial institutions including multilateral development banks and development finance agencies, commercial banks, and equity funds to share their experience on identifying green projects, and addressing the additional green cost through green finance. Speakers will also discuss key challenges and solutions to balance sustainability and bankability in delivering green projects. Chair: Andreas Honcamp, Principal Project Manager, Sector Division Urban Development and Mobility East Asia, KfW Development Bank Panelists: Green Financing : The Experience of Bangladesh Dipal Barua, Founder & Chairman, Bright Green Energy Foundation (Bangladesh) Green Bond Opportunities Peter Ling-Vannerus, Chief Representative, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Sweden) Financing Clean Energy Projects in Malaysia Ernest Navaratnam, Chief Executive Officer, CENERGI Malaysia Green Finance by ADB Biao HUANG, Senior Investment Specialist, Private Sector Operations Department, ADB Michael WANG, Director, Sustainable investment, Alternatives, Deutsche Asset Management (Hongkong) Limited, DWS
16:00 ~ 16:30	Afternoon Break
16:30 ~ 17:30	Closing Plenary Chair: Fan Zhang, Chairman, Innovative Low Carbon Development Center, Hunan Part 1: Closing Keynote Shi WANG, Founder and Honorary Chairman of the Board, China Vanke Co., Ltd. Part 2: Summary and Closing remarks Xiuhong GUO, Deputy Director General, Hunan Provincial Department of Finance Zi TANG, Deputy Director, Development and Reform Commission of Hunan Province Yongping ZHAI, Chief of Energy Sector Group, ADB
18:00 ~ 20:00	Dinner

26 October 2018 (Friday)

Time	Program
09:00 ~ 12:30	Site visit to Sany Group Smart Factory
12:30 ~ 14:00	Lunch
14:00 ~ 18:00	Site visit to BROAD Group Organic Farm and Mini Sky City (J-57)
18:00 ~ 20:00	Dinner

Publications

Conference & Forum

Asia Pacific Forum on Low Carbon Development Sharing Low Carbon Technology for a Blue and Beautiful Sky

Agenda:

Events

Multimedia

Our Focus

Publications

Events

Multimedia

Publications

Our Focus

Events

Multimedia

Publications

Our Focus

Agenda:

Share this article on: